Light — Reflection and Refraction
How light behaves at mirrors and lenses — reflection, refraction, and the rules that predict them.
Learn this chapter
- 01 Reflection of Light and Spherical Mirrors
- 02 Concave Mirror: Image Formation
- 03 Confirming Each Case with a Ray Diagram
- 04 Convex Mirror: Image Formation and Uses
More concepts for this chapter are planned — coming soon.
What this chapter covers
Reflection comes first: the rule that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, the image in a plane mirror, and then spherical mirrors — concave and convex — and the images they build for objects at different distances. The mirror formula and magnification turn those pictures into numbers.
Refraction follows: why a straw looks broken in water, how a glass slab shifts a ray sideways, the refractive index of a material, and then lenses — how a convex or concave lens forms an image, the lens formula, magnification, and the power of a lens in dioptres.
How each lesson works
Every topic page opens with a short interactive lesson: you see the effect, try it yourself, notice what changed, and only then meet the term or the equation. The written notes under each lesson — definitions, relationships, formulae, activity summaries and a quick revision list — are there for fast recall without replaying the animation.